Pharmaceutical products intended for parenteral use must be free from pyrogenic (fever–inducing) contamination. Pyrogens comprise endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria and non-endotoxin pyrogens (NEP) from Gram-positive bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The longstanding compendial test for pyrogens is

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were seeded in 48-well multielectrode array (MEA) plates and were treated with four doses of reference compounds (covering and exceeding clinical free plasma peak concentrations) and MEA recordings were conducted for 4 days.

Experiments were conducted using human induced pluripotent stem cells supplemented with hiPSC derived astrocytes and their reagents can be obtained commercially and cultured as per manufacturer’s instructions. One day before plating the cells, each 48-well MEA plate was pre-coated with a

Experiments were conducted using cortical cells that contains glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons and glia. Primary neurons were freshly dissociated from embryonic E18-19 rat cortices as described previously and plated onto 48-well MEA plates (Maestro system, Axion Biosystems). HOne day before

Cell Culture and Reagents hiPSC-CMs can be obtained commercially either as living pre-plated cells seeded onto fibronectin-coated 96-well mClear plates (Greiner Bio-One, No. 655090) or can be plated in house at a density (~25,000 cells/well) suited to forming a confluent synchronously beating mono